Sankagiri Fort: The Timeless Sentinel of Kongu NaduSankagiri Fort: The Timeless Sentinel of Kongu Nadu

Perched majestically atop a hill in Tamil Nadu’s Salem district, Sankagiri Fort (also spelled Sangagiri Fort) stands as a powerful reminder of South India’s layered history. Known locally as Guptha Giri, this hilltop fortress is not just an architectural marvel but also a symbol of resistance and legacy.

📜 A Fort Steeped in History

Originally constructed in the 15th century by the mighty Vijayanagara Empire, Sankagiri Fort has seen the rise and fall of many powers — from the Nayaks of Madurai to the Marathas, the Mysore Sultanate under Tipu Sultan, and finally the British.

Its strategic location made it a key defensive and administrative post for centuries. During British rule, the fort served as a tax storage facility for the Kongu Nadu region, which includes Salem, Erode, Coimbatore, Tiruppur, Namakkal, Karur, and Dindigul.

One of the most poignant moments in its history was the execution of the brave freedom fighter Dheeran Chinnamalai here on August 2, 1805, making Sankagiri Fort an enduring symbol of India’s struggle against colonial rule.

🏯 Incredible Architecture & Layout

Spread across 13 square kilometers, the fort boasts an impressive 14 concentric walls built in phases — the final layers added by the British. With 12 major gateways and 70 minor entrances, it is designed for maximum defense. The main entrance, famously known as the ‘Delhi Gate’, still stands strong with its massive wooden doors reinforced with iron spikes.

Sankagiri Fort is built across four distinct levels, each showcasing unique features:

• Level 1: A temple dedicated to Lord Vishnu

• Level 2: A pond and an old granary

• Level 3: A watchtower and cannon emplacements

• Level 4: A palace and mosque from the Maratha period

Inside its sturdy granite walls, you’ll also find a death well, granaries, oil godowns, an explosives storage, masjids, Varadharaja Perumal temples, British administrative ruins, and old cemeteries for the armies that once guarded this stronghold.

🕉️ The Lesser-Known Tale of the Kongu Chettiars

Beyond its military significance, Sankagiri is linked to a remarkable local legend. During the Maratha rule in Thanjavur, the Chettiar community, known for their financial prowess, helped the kingdom resist invaders. But the Marathas later turned on them, ordering the conviction of all Chettiar men. To protect their lineage, wise elders secretly moved 500 Chettiar children to the safety of the Sangagiri region.

These Five Hundred Kongu Chettiars, devoted to Lord Shiva, built a temple in Sunnambu Kuttai (Limestone Pond). To avoid the wrath of the Marathas, they named their deity Kopineshwar, inspired by the Maratha god of Thane. Though the temple fell into ruin over centuries, its remains were rediscovered in 1982 by Viswanathan Chettiar, who identified its boundary and sanctum — preserving this mystical link to a turbulent past.

🏹 Engineering Genius & Defensive Design

Sankagiri Fort’s location was no accident. Its steep slopes make it climbable from only one side, adding a natural layer of security. The fort’s robust granite walls rise up to 18 feet, interspersed with bastions, watchtowers, and hidden escape routes. This smart use of terrain, combined with the architectural influence of Chola, Vijayanagara, and Nayak styles, makes the fort a fascinating study in ancient military engineering.

Inside the fort, visitors can still admire the Patchai Kovil, a Shiva temple echoing classic Chola carvings, and the Deviyar Kovil, dedicated to Goddess Parvati, with its ornate Nayak pillars and sculptures.

📍 Plan Your Visit

Sankagiri Fort is located about 22 km from Erode and around 38 km from Salem, making it an ideal day trip for history enthusiasts, trekkers, and heritage lovers alike. The best time to visit is from November to February when the weather is pleasant for exploring the sprawling grounds.

Whether you’re drawn by its panoramic views, timeless legends, or its role in India’s freedom struggle, Sankagiri Fort is a destination that promises stories waiting to be uncovered.

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🌟 Final Thoughts

Standing on these ancient walls, you can almost hear echoes of warriors, kings, traders, and freedom fighters who once called this place home. Sankagiri Fort is more than just stone and history — it’s a testament to Tamil Nadu’s resilient spirit.

Discovering Devanahalli Fort – A Forgotten Jewel Near Bengaluru

Just a short drive from the bustling city of Bengaluru, lies a historical treasure that many travelers overlook — the Devanahalli Fort. Located around 35 kilometers north of Bengaluru and just a few minutes from Kempegowda International Airport, this fort offers a perfect blend of history, architecture, and heritage.

🕰️ A Glimpse Into the Past

The story of Devanahalli dates back to the 15th century, when a group of refugees from Conjeevaram (present-day Kanchipuram) settled near Ramaswami Betta, east of the Nandi Hills. Guided by a vision in a dream, their leader Rana Baire Gowda established a settlement in this region. His son, Malla Baire Gowda, would go on to found towns like Devanahalli, Chikkaballapura, and Doddaballapura.

In 1501 AD, with permission from the Vijayanagara rulers, Malla Baire Gowda built a mud fort at Devanadoddi, the earlier name for Devanahalli. Over time, the fort changed hands — from the Wodeyars of Mysore to the Marathas, and later to Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan, who strengthened it with stone fortifications. During the Third Anglo-Mysore War in 1791, the fort was captured by Lord Cornwallis of the British forces.

🏯 Architecture and Layout

The stone fort, spread over 20 acres, is roughly oval in shape, oriented eastward. The fort walls are built using dressed masonry and feature twelve semi-circular bastions. Each bastion has gun slots made of lime and brick, a reflection of the fort’s military purpose. The east and west entrances are adorned with decorative plasterwork, and are relatively narrow, designed to accommodate horses.

A battlement walkway lines the inner side of the fort, allowing for strategic defense views.

🛕 Temples Inside the Fort

One of the most captivating aspects of Devanahalli Fort is the presence of ancient temples within its walls. These shrines reflect the architectural grace of the Vijayanagara period, and still remain active places of worship:

• Venugopalaswamy Temple – A beautifully designed temple dedicated to Lord Vishnu, featuring intricate carvings and a Dravidian-style gopuram.

• Siddalingeshwara Temple – A shrine devoted to Lord Shiva.

• Chandramouleshwara Temple – Another significant temple inside the fort premises.

These temples not only highlight the religious life within the fort but also serve as a reminder of the region’s deep cultural roots.

📍 How to Reach Devanahalli Fort

• By Road: Devanahalli is well connected via NH 44 from Bengaluru.

• By Air: The fort is just a few kilometers from Kempegowda International Airport.

• Nearest Railway Station: Devanahalli Railway Station.

🕒 Visiting Info

• Timings: Open all day (preferably visit in the morning or late afternoon)

• Entry Fee: Free

• Ideal for: History buffs, architecture lovers, photographers, and weekend explorers

✨ Final Thoughts

Devanahalli Fort may not be as grand or crowded as some of the more famous forts in India, but that’s exactly what makes it special. It’s a place where you can walk through history, away from the chaos, and connect with Karnataka’s regal past.

Exploring Nandi Hills: A Perfect Day Trip from Bangalore

 Looking for a quick escape from Bangalore’s hustle and bustle? Just 60 kilometers away lies Nandi Hills, a misty, historic hill station in the Chikkaballapur district of Karnataka. Rising 1,478 meters above sea level, this picturesque location offers panoramic views, ancient temples, colonial bungalows, and a peaceful vibe that makes it a favorite among nature lovers and history buffs alike.

🧭 Our Journey Begins

I visited Nandi Hills on a Friday afternoon, hoping to avoid the weekend rush. The drive itself was refreshing, with scenic roads leading to the hilltop. The entry fee was ₹20 per person, and car parking cost ₹60. With the weather slightly cloudy and cool, it was the perfect day for exploration.

🏰 Tipu Sultan’s Legacy

One of the first stops was Tipu Sultan’s Summer Lodge, also known as Tashk-e-Jannat or "Envy of Heaven." Built in the late 18th century, this historic lodge served as Tipu’s summer retreat. Nearby, the fort walls of Nandi Hills — originally built by the Ganga dynasty and later fortified by Tipu — still stand tall, echoing tales of the past.

🐂 Temples and Legends

The Nellikayi Basavanna Temple, with its large Nandi (bull) statue, is said to be the inspiration behind the name “Nandi Hills.” A short walk from here takes you to the peaceful Yoga Nandeeshwara Temple, dedicated to Lord Shiva. We also came across Brahmashram Cave, where the revered sage Ramakrishna Paramahamsa is believed to have meditated.

💧 River Origins: Palar and Arkavati

Nandi Hills is home to the origin points of two important rivers — the Palar River and the Arkavati River. While both springs were dry due to the summer season, it was humbling to stand at the spot where these rivers begin their journey, nourishing faraway lands and communities.

🏞️ Scenic Points & Colonial Touches

The Sunrise and Sunset Viewpoints are absolute highlights, offering spectacular views of the surrounding valleys. Whether you sit on the rocks or use the built-in seating, watching the sun paint the sky is truly mesmerizing. We also stopped by Amrutha Sarovara, a serene lake that reflects the sky and adds to the calmness of the hilltop.

Another colonial gem is the Nehru Nilaya, once the summer retreat of British Commissioner Sir Mark Cubbon. It later hosted dignitaries, including Nehru and SAARC delegates. Though I skipped Gandhi Nilaya this time, it remains a part of the hill’s layered history.

⚠️ A Chilling Drop

Our visit to Tipu’s Drop, a 600-foot cliff where prisoners were allegedly thrown off during Tipu’s reign, was both breathtaking and haunting. The views are stunning, but the history gives it an eerie aura.

🧘 Final Thoughts

Though I couldn’t cover every spot, this trip gave me a deep appreciation of how Nandi Hills blends nature, history, and spirituality so seamlessly. Whether you're into photography, trekking, heritage, or just some peaceful time away from the city, Nandi Hills has something for everyone.

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📌 Tips for Visitors:

• Best time to visit: October to March

• Reach early if visiting on weekends to avoid crowds

• Carry water and light snacks

• Watch out for monkeys near food areas!

📽️ Watch the full video

Exploring HAL Aerospace Museum: A Journey Through Indian Aviation History

 Located in the heart of Bangalore, the HAL Heritage Centre and Aerospace Museum offers a fascinating journey through the evolution of Indian aviation. Established in 2001 by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), this museum holds the distinction of being India’s first aerospace museum, and it's a must-visit for aviation enthusiasts, families, and curious travelers alike.

✈️ A Walk Among Legends – Outdoor Exhibits

The outdoor area of the museum instantly grabs your attention with its impressive display of life-size aircraft that once ruled the Indian skies. From the iconic MiG-21 supersonic jet fighter to the Kiran jet trainer, and from the Marut twin-engine fighter-bomber to the Canberra bomber aircraft — each model tells a story of technological prowess and national pride. Other aircraft on display include the Ajeet, HT-2, and Lakshya, a remotely piloted target aircraft used in training missions.

Beyond the aircraft, the museum grounds are beautifully landscaped. You’ll find a Rose Garden, an Orchidarium, and a Herbal Garden, offering a tranquil space to unwind. There’s even a Children’s Play Area, making it a family-friendly destination.

🛩️ Stepping Indoors – Hall 1: Evolution of Indian Aviation

Inside the museum, Hall 1 takes you through a chronological timeline of Indian aviation, starting from the 1940s. The hall is filled with archival photographs, technical charts, and models, capturing milestones in HAL’s remarkable journey. One of the highlights here is the “Hall of Fame”, which showcases HAL’s key achievements, indigenous aircraft development, and its role in strengthening India's defense capabilities.

🎮 Flight Simulators & More

One of the crowd-pullers at the museum is the Flight Simulator Zone, where visitors can experience the thrill of flying with both basic and motion flight simulators. Although the simulators were under maintenance during my visit, they promise an interactive experience for those lucky enough to catch them in action.

There’s also a souvenir shop on-site where you can pick up aviation-themed gifts, scale models, and memorabilia — perfect for remembering your visit or gifting a fellow travel or aircraft lover.

🕒 Visitor Information

• Entry Fee: ₹70 per person

• Location: HAL Road, Bangalore

• Best Time to Visit: Morning or late afternoon (avoid peak sun hours)

• Ideal For: Families, aviation enthusiasts, students, and history lovers

🌟 Final Thoughts

The HAL Heritage Centre and Aerospace Museum is more than just a collection of aircraft — it’s a tribute to India’s aerospace journey and the incredible achievements of HAL. Whether you're a history buff, tech geek, or simply curious about what makes planes fly, this museum offers a rich and immersive experience.

So, next time you're in Bangalore, make sure to add this unique destination to your itinerary. It’s not just educational — it’s inspiring.

Exploring Lalbagh: Bengaluru’s Historic Botanical Treasure

Located in the heart of South Bengaluru, Lalbagh Botanical Garden is one of the most iconic green spaces in India. Sprawling over 240 acres, this beautifully maintained garden is not just a peaceful escape from the city’s hustle, but also a treasure trove of history, botany, and architecture. Whether you're a nature enthusiast, a photographer, or a curious traveler, Lalbagh has something to offer everyone.

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🌸 A Glimpse into History

Lalbagh was originally commissioned in 1760 by Hyder Ali, the ruler of Mysore, and was later expanded by his son Tipu Sultan. The garden was inspired by the Mughal-style gardens of Sira and was designed to house exotic and native plant species. During British rule, Lalbagh underwent further development, and in 1889, the stunning Glass House was constructed — modeled after the Crystal Palace in London.

Today, the garden is managed by the Department of Horticulture, Government of Karnataka, and remains a key landmark that showcases the city’s rich cultural and natural heritage.

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🌳 Highlights of Lalbagh Botanical Garden

🏛️ The Glass House

The centerpiece of Lalbagh, the Glass House hosts the famous biannual flower shows on Republic Day and Independence Day. These vibrant events attract thousands of visitors and showcase stunning floral arrangements.

🪨 Lalbagh Rock

One of the oldest rock formations on earth, the Lalbagh Rock is over 3,000 million years old and is classified as a National Geological Monument. Climb to the top and enjoy panoramic views of Bengaluru city.

🌲 Kempegowda Watchtower

Perched on the Lalbagh Rock, this historic watchtower is one of the four towers built by Kempegowda II, the founder of Bengaluru, to demarcate the city’s original boundaries.

🌼 Specialty Gardens

Lalbagh features several themed gardens that offer a delightful experience:

• Bonsai Garden

• Topiary Garden

• Rose Garden

• Lotus Garden

Each one is carefully curated with plant varieties and displays that are both educational and visually appealing.

🌺 Other Attractions

• Floral Clock

• Tree Fossil

• Chamaraja Wodeyar Statue

• Tree Sculpture Zone

• Japanese Decorative Monument

• Silk Cotton Tree

• Maharaja Statue

🦆 Lalbagh Lake & Waterfall

A serene lake surrounded by lush greenery attracts several bird species, making it a great spot for bird watching and peaceful walks. There's also a small artificial waterfall nearby, perfect for photography.

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💡 Visitor Information

• Entry Fee: ₹50 per adult

• Buggy Ride (Optional): ₹100 per person

• Car Parking Fee: ₹60

• Timings: Open daily from 6:00 AM to 7:00 PM

• Best Time to Visit: Early morning or during the flower shows (January & August)

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📸 Travel Tips

• Visit early in the morning for the best light and fewer crowds.

• Carry water, especially if you're planning to walk through the entire garden.

• Don’t miss the view from the top of Lalbagh Rock — it’s one of the best photo spots in the garden!

• Allocate at least 2-3 hours to explore comfortably.

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🌍 Final Thoughts

Lalbagh Botanical Garden is more than just a public park — it’s a living museum of plants, a piece of Bengaluru’s history, and a quiet retreat for nature lovers. Whether you're a local resident or a first-time visitor to the city, a stroll through Lalbagh is a refreshing and rewarding experience.